Plants in Interior Design: The Art of Bringing Nature Indoors
- Veronica S. Restrepo
- Jun 4
- 5 min read

The impulse to bring nature indoors goes beyond decoration—it represents a fundamental human need to maintain connection with the living world. Plants in interior spaces create what designers call "biophilic anchors," elements that satisfy our deep-seated psychological requirement for natural connection. Yet the conversation around indoor greenery has evolved beyond simple aesthetic choices to encompass questions of functionality and well-being.
The Science of Green Living

Real plants function as biological air purifiers, converting carbon dioxide to oxygen while filtering toxins from indoor environments. NASA's groundbreaking Clean Air Study identified specific species like snake plants, pothos, and peace lilies as particularly effective at removing formaldehyde, benzene, and other common household pollutants—especially relevant for climates like Miami where indoor air quality requires extra attention.
Beyond air purification, research consistently demonstrates measurable physiological benefits: reduced stress hormones, lowered blood pressure, and improved cognitive function in plant-populated spaces. The presence of living greenery triggers what environmental psychologists term "restoration attention"—our minds naturally settle when encountering organic forms and processes.
Plants and Emotional Well-Being in Your Home

Plants introduce temporal rhythms into static interior environments. Unlike fixed design elements, they grow, change, and respond to care—creating spaces that feel alive rather than arranged. This dynamic quality transforms rooms from stage sets into living ecosystems where inhabitants witness daily cycles of growth.
The act of plant care itself becomes a form of meditative practice, grounding busy minds in immediate, tactile experiences. Watering, pruning, and repotting create "nurturing rituals" that counterbalance our increasingly digital lives with hands-on engagement.
Real Plants vs. Artificial Plants
The debate between real and artificial plants often becomes polarized, but here's what actually matters from a design perspective:

Real plants provide:
Air purification and oxygen production
Living, changing beauty that evolves over time
The satisfaction of nurturing something alive
Authentic connection to nature's rhythms
High-quality artificial plants offer:
Visual cues that trigger psychological responses associated with nature
Consistent appearance without maintenance
Placement flexibility in challenging light conditions
No risk of plant death creating guilt or visual stress
Your brain responds to the visual patterns and colors of greenery whether it's real or not. While you won't get oxygen benefits from artificial plants, you do receive mental health benefits from having green, organic shapes in your space.
Know Your Plant Lifestyle

As we tell our clients: function follows the person, not just the form. Before choosing plants, honestly assess your lifestyle:
Do you travel frequently? Consider low-maintenance options or artificial alternatives
Are you naturally nurturing? Real plants might bring joy and purpose to your routine
Do you have challenging light conditions? Strategic artificial placement might serve you better
Are you new to plants? Start with resilient species like snake plants, ZZ plants, or pothos
The Miami Advantage: Year-Round Growing Conditions

Living in South Florida offers unique opportunities for indoor plant success. Our abundant natural light and humidity create ideal conditions for many tropical species. For our Miami clients, this is particularly meaningful in our year-round growing season because indoor plants can provide the seasonal variation that our subtropical climate sometimes lacks. However, this same climate can support thriving outdoor gardens, making the choice between real and artificial indoor plants more about personal preference than environmental necessity.
Consider bringing elements of Miami's lush landscape indoors: bird of paradise for dramatic height, monstera for tropical flair, or philodendrons that echo our native vegetation.
The Hybrid Solution

The most practical solution often involves thoughtful combination:
Real plants where you naturally notice them:
Kitchen windowsills or dining tables where you see them daily
Bedside tables as part of morning routines
Home office spaces where you spend focused time
Bathroom counters (if you have good light)
Artificial greenery in challenging locations:
Dim corners that lack adequate light
High shelves requiring ladders for maintenance
Guest rooms occupied infrequently
Areas where pets might cause issues
This mixed approach creates visual abundance without overwhelming care commitments—you maintain a few real plants while achieving the lush, plant-filled aesthetic through strategic artificial additions.
Design Integration: Making Plants Feel Intentional

Whether real or artificial, plants should feel integrated into your design rather than randomly placed. Consider:
Scale and Proportion: Large floor plants anchor seating areas; smaller plants add detail to surfaces
Color Coordination: Green foliage complements Miami's popular neutral palettes and earth tones
Texture Contrast: Glossy leaves against matte surfaces; delicate ferns near bold architectural elements
Functional Grouping: Cluster plants of varying heights for visual interest and easier care
Conclusion

Plants, real or artificial, represent our desire to create homes that feel alive, connected, and restorative. The key is finding the right balance—gaining the visual and psychological benefits that drew you to greenery without overcommitting to care routines that don't align with your lifestyle or habits.
References
NASA Clean Air Study: Wolverton, B.C., Johnson, A., & Bounds, K. (1989). Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement - NASA Technical Report. NASA-TM-108061.
Biophilic Design Research: Wilson, E.O. (1984). Biophilia. Harvard University Press.
Environmental Preference Theory: Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Restoration Attention Theory: Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 169-182.
Physiological Benefits of Plants: Lohr, V.I., Pearson-Mims, C.H., & Goodwin, G.K. (1996). Interior plants may improve worker productivity and reduce stress in a windowless environment. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 14(2), 97-100.
Stress Reduction Research: Ulrich, R., Simons, R., Losito, B., Fiorito, E., Miles, M., & Zelson, M. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11(3), 201-230.
Cognitive Function Studies: Raanaas, R.K., Evensen, K.H., Rich, D., Sjøstrøm, G., & Patil, G. (2011). Benefits of indoor plants on attention capacity in an office setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(1), 99-105.
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